Give me 3 to 4 topics than i will choose one of them and let you Research Proposal

Give me 3 to 4 topics than i will choose one of them and let you know.topic of human resorce manangment i am doing phd so need a researcg - Research Proposal Example Managers of performance appraisal, variable pay, and merit plans stress on the fact that these programs must be in form or should be constant with organizations employee practices, strategic missions or goals, and culture whether they are doing the work as organization aims. Earlier in 1982, few federal plans like those funded under the Job Training Partnership Act, were needed to build up contracts which exercised clients results measures as well as serve incentives and authorized accordingly (Yates, 1997). The Government Performance and Results Act 1993 and also the Service Efforts and Accomplishments (SEA) reporting idea of Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB, 1994) underlined the significance of performance responsibility. In late 1994, 26 federal groups signed charitable promises to convert near about 100 service agreements to performance based contracts. By 1997, federal acquisition requirements were rewritten with specific language about the requirement for performance necessities and quality benchmarks in both agreements requirements and also quality assurance. These laws and plans discussed the significance of measuring agreement performance on delivery of already agreed services as well as the feedbacks of services on users. In this project, the quasi experimental study can be used for understanding the research problem. Likert scale can be a very useful tool for completing this project. The sample size for this project can be selected as 100 people. A questionnaire will be prepared on the given topic for collecting the response of the respondents which will be answered by respondents individually. The findings will be analysed by statistical method. After completing the questionnaire section the responses of the respondents are analysed in the findings segment. The result will provide an insight into the organizational view point regarding

Analysis of BRIC countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis of BRIC countries - Essay Example The availability of abundant natural resources and growing mining, agriculture, manufacturing and service industries has taken the economy of Brazil to highest ranks among South American nations and has gained a commendable position in world economy. The fall in real wages during the period 2001 to 2003 slowed the economic growth of Brazil to 2.2 percent per year. Subsequently, it was affected by several internal and global economic crises. But the economy did not collapse because Brazilian economy has a strong foundation built by the economic programs and policies instituted by President Cardosa and taken forward by President Lula Da Silva. The Brazilian economy is undergoing a steady growth and development since 2004 that has given rise to the rate of employment and real wages. The economic system operates using floating exchange rate, adopts compressed fiscal policy and keeps the inflation rate on check. The Brazilian currency underwent a sharp depreciation which in turn resulted in extreme adjustment in current account during the period 2003 to 2006. Following this situation there was trade surpluses and the surplus agricultural production lead to increase in the rate of exports. However, Brazilian economy has certain weaknesses. The economy is mostly associated to debts. The rate of debts has increased during the period 1994 to 2003. The rise in debt was controlled in 2006 with the introduction of economic programs to increase public investment and control taxes. The current GDP of Brazil is 1.6 trillion with a real growth rate of GDP at 3.7 percent. The inflation is 3 percent and the rate of unemployment is 9.6 percent. Agricultural products that contribute to the economy are wheat, coffee, rice and sugarcane. Major industries include aircraft, textiles, chemicals, steel, shoes, motor vehicles, etc. (Brazil Economy) Official figures indicate that the GDP of Brazil has

Relationship Between Inflation and Wage Rates

Relationship Between Inflation and Wage Rates The R square is also known as the goodness of fit. The R- square is found between zero and one. If the R-square is close to one, it is a good fit and if it is near to zero, it is not a good fit. Now, if the R-square is equal to one, it is a perfect fit (R-square=1). The formula for R-square is explained sum of square divided by the total sum square. R -Square = ESS/TSS In this model, there are 59 observations where the R-square is 0.512 and in terms of percentage it is 51.2 which is a bit low. The value 53 is obtained by (58-5) and 58 is obtained by (59-1). When R square comes out to be a positive figure, it is recognised as the â€Å"coefficient of multiple correlation†. The R square is 51.2 which is low and is not a good fit because data was not available in the wage rate index in Mauritius before 1992. Therefore, the inflation rate can be resolved with government intervention. The adjusted R square is 0.466 and the root MSE is 0.42203. Blue means Best linear Unbiased Estimator. BLUE comes from the model of Gauss Markov Theorem. Firstly, Best is about the variance which comes out to be the smallest in value. Secondly, Linear means that the function should be a linear one. Thirdly, Unbiased means that the expected beta hat should be equal to the value of the real beta. Finally, it is an efficient one as it has the least variance in the model. Multicollinearity came out from the research work of Ranger Frisch. The VIF is a good way to detect multicollinearity. If the VIF is more than 10, then there is the problem of multicollinearity. In our model the VIF is less than 10. If in multicollinearity, the R-square is greater the model will be good. Table 4.5 is on Multicollinearity Test used VIF Factor Variable VIF 1/VIF In IMP 9.5 0.18603 In PPI 8.69 0.17937 In EXP 8.54 0.11704 In GDP 4.36 0.229406 In INF 1.1 0.908899 Autocorrelation is â€Å"correlation between members of observations ordered in time [as in time-series data] or space [as in cross sectional data]†. Autocorrelation is concerned with time series analysis. Autocorrelation can be positive as well as negative in figures. In a simpler way, it can be understood that the disturbance term is not affected by other mode of observation. Ho: no serial correlation H1: serial correlation Table 4.6 on Heteroskedasticity and serial correlation TEST CHI2 PROB >CHI2 DF Heteroskedasticity 0.19 0.6614 Serial correlation 1.043 0.3071 1.00 When the P-value is greater than 0.1, we should accept the null hypothesis (Ho) .In other words, there will be no serial correlation. Ho : Homoscedasticity H1: Heteroscedasticity A second test is for the problem of heteroscedasticity. The above table is showing a probability value which is lower than 0.1, meaning that heteroscedasticity is present in the model; the estimators are not BLUE and thus need to be corrected by taking robust standard errors. 4.4  Regress and Analysis Table 4.7  Regression and Analysis Table 4.7 Dependent wage Dependent: Wage Variables Coefficients P-value Std Err t-ratio In INF 1.152907 0.096 0.709871 1.62 In EXPORT 2.4042 0.017 0.971344 2.48 In IMPORT -3.44879 0.000 0.541179 -6.37 In GDP 0.500892 0.115 0.312145 1.6 In PPI 3.3688 0.000 0.667596 5.05 CONSTANT 2.904849 0.492 4.200478 0.69 Number of observations 59 F( 5,53) 11.12 Prob> F 0 R-Squared 0.512 It has been stated that when there is an increase in inflation rate, the wage rate should be increased by 1.152907. It is a positive sign. This is so because both in sugar sector and manufacturing sector where most of the people are employed, the wage rate is rising. Nowadays even the tourism and financial sector are moving in a positive trend and are employing more workers. The wage rate is increasing because they are making profits and the trade union is bargaining for higher wages. The inflation rate is significant and the p value is 0.096. As the p value is below 0.1 we will reject the null hypothesis. In Oswald (1982) where the prices were increasing more than the wage but in the end wages have been increased with the bargaining power of the trade union. Apart from inflation, there are many factors that affect the wage rate such as social and politics. The government of Mauritius has set up the Pay Research Bureau (PRB) and the National Remuneration Board (NRB) to determine the wage rate of the civil servants and those people working in the private sectors. In Mauritius, every five years, the PRB gives a rise in the wage rate so that the employees can be compensated for the increase in the inflation rate. When the PRB does not make any effect on the wage rate, the government might or should move towards the national minimum wage scheme. It is argued in Mauritius the wage-price spiral holds, as there is higher inflation rate in the country where the workers get an increase in their wage rate. The government of Mauritius compensates the employees by giving them wage compensation which is calculated by the PRB (Pay Research Bureau) on a five years basis. As, the nominal wage increase, it can be seen that people tend to demand more, whereby price will increase again and in the end, once again, they will be compensated for their loss in their purchasing power. This is similar to the theory of Blanchard (1986) where he reports that as soon as there is a rise in the aggregate demand, the price level goes up and the employees wage rate have been increased. It has been shown in his theory that wage price spiral dynamics is found in all economy around the world when the decisions of the price and wage rate are not taken at the same time. In Mauritius, the PRB (Pay Research Bureau) reports to increase and compensate the wage r ate come after five years. Therefore, the price and wage rate decision are not taken at the same time in Mauritius. Therefore, Mauritius is influenced by wage-price spiral where wage rate of an employee should be increased when it is affected by the inflation rate. Moreover, there has been an increase in the export prices, so it is absolute automatic that the wage rate should rise by 2.4042. It is a positive figure and it is also significant. The alternative hypothesis should be accepted. The products that Mauritius exports are fisheries, sugar, flowers, clothes, jewellery and others. Mauritius exports most of its products to the European countries in the world. In the Manufacturing sector, in the 1970 Mauritius had an export processing scheme to export clothes abroad which were quite helpful. Apart from the EPZ scheme, Mauritius was also focusing on the MEDIA (Mauritius Export Development and Investment Authority) 1984 where it helps Mauritius to export its products abroad more easily as well as help investors to invest in Mauritius. In 1997, the export of the products of EPZ has helped to bring a rise in the GDP. In Subramanian and Roy (2001) reports that as Mauritius was exporting its products, it helps the Mauritian people to have a better standard of living and leads towards economic growth. In the past, the government was also giving subsidy on export to decrease the effect of implicit tax on the goods that were exported. As Mauritius is exporting more products to abroad, money is coming into the country and the companies are making huge amounts of profits. The export companies are making huge amount of profits by sending their products abroad. As, the companies are maximising their profits, thus the company is more open to pay the labour a higher wage rate. The Export leads to economic growth so the wage rate of all employees should be increased. Furthermore, it has been stated in the theory that when there is an increase in the GDP, the wage rate should be increased so that people can have a better standard of living. According to Marinakis (1980), when there is an increase in the GDP, the wage rate has moved up in the Latin America. Unfortunately, it is not possible in the case of Mauritius. It is quite surprising to note that the GDP will not increase wage rate in Mauritius. The wage rate will not be increased by 0.500892 which has a positive sign and the p value is 0.115 which is non-significant as the p-value is greater than 0.1. Therefore, the p value is moderately important as it is closer to 0.1. The wage rate will not increase in Mauritius because it is the Pay Research Bureau (PRB) and the National Remuneration Board (NRB) do not depend on the GDP rate to bring an increase in the wage rate by giving wage compensation to the employees. The wage compensation is decided through the tripartite meeting in Mauritius. In t he Journal of Sobhee (2009) shows that GDP has increased by 3 % in 2005. An increase in GDP rate in Mauritius will not bring an increase in the wage rate. GDP has some shortcomings which cannot be ignored. Firstly, GDP may not be recorded such as the underground economy and poor data collection. In Mauritius, the wage rate index data is available since 1992. Before 1992, there was no data on the wage rate index which shows a poor data collection was in practice in Mauritius before 1992. Nevertheless, it has to be highlighted that the import turns out to be negative -3.44879 as it was expected. The p value is 0 and it is significant .It has become negative because revenue are going abroad from Mauritius. Most of the products that Mauritius imported come from Europe and from different parts of the world such as China, India and among others. In Sargan (1980), the government has put into practice the floating exchange rate where he varied the exchange rate system and keep hold of the import prices. This is different from the analysis as there has been the use of indirect taxes and ad-valorem tax rate in the other economy. The imports prices turn out to be negative because we are importing more products and less goods are being produced locally. Also, wages are rising more than the level of productivity level in the country, such as in the EPZ sector. Therefore, the wage rate will not be increased as the import figure is -3.44879. Factor price equalisation has to be taken into account in this study. Samuelson (1986) uses the theory of Heckscher –Ohlin (1919) to introduce the factor price equalisation model o show the one to one relationship between relative commodity price and relative factor price. There are three assumptions which are as follows: Firstly, there should be country A and country B that are producing both goods, the same level of technologies and there is equalisation of the prices of the product in both countries. Let’s assume that Mauritius is export capital-intensive products such as clothing and import labour intensive products, for instance, food. The price of the import will be higher in Mauritius compared to the other nation as Mauritius would have produced and export the product if the price was lower, that is, comparative advantage. Mauritius is trading more; this will cause a fall in the wage rate of the country. Finally, when there is an increase in the producer price, the wage rate should be moved up by 3.3688. This is so because the trade union especially in the public sector and the sugar sector are very strong to bargain for a higher wage rate so that people have a better standard of living on this blue planet. Therefore, the producer can charge for a higher price for their products. Even in the private sector the wage rate is increased by the trade union and the forces of demand and supply. The trade union has bargained to bring a rise in the wage rate and it has increased as they were having more money into their hands as the wage rate has goes up. In Mauritius, the producer price is useful for the sellers as well as the buyers to take precaution in advance against the coming inflation rate. The producer price will also be increased when the country is moving towards economic growth. In Borum (1981), the analysis is the same and there has been the use of anti-inflation programme to dea l with inflation rate. The difference is that the wage rate is calculated in hourly earnings and in Mauritius it is based on normal hours of work. Even, the producer price turns out to be significant and the alternative hypothesis will be accepted. The producer price index shows the producer price meaning the producer inflation. As the producer price increases, they get more profits and thus the trade unions can bargain so as some of these profits are given to labour in terms of higher wage rate. 4.5  The Error Correction Model (ECM) As a next step, an Error correction model, made famous by Nobel Prize Winners Engle and Granger, is presented to capture the short-run effects of the variables in the model. The table below illustrates that most of the variables in the model do have a short-run effect on the wage rate of the country; in fact, inflation, GDP and PPI are returning a positive sign on the coefficient while import on its turn is showing a negative sign. ERROR CORRECTION MODEL VARIABLES Coefficient P-value Std Err t-ratio dIninf 1.945232 0.103 1.171716 1.66 dInexp -0.36393 0.942 4.969895 -0.07 dInimp -0.02609 0 0.002846 -9.17 dIngdp 12.01238 0.007 4.30228 2.79 dInppi 0.003162 0.018 0.001292 2.45 Ut-1 -0.17705 0 0.022963 -7.71 Constant -4.08079 0.715 11.09744 -0.37 Observations 58 R-squared 32.65 Adj R-squared 0.7691 Prob>F 0 Standard errors in parentheses *** p Moreover, the ECM variable (Ut-1) has the expected negative and significant sign, meaning that any errors happening in the model in the short-turn are indeed converging towards the long-run co-integrated relationship at a speed of 17.7%. It has to be taken into consideration that the inflation, import, exports, producer prices which seem to have a short term effect. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0  Conclusion As a conclusion, it has to be noted that when there is an increase in the inflation rate, the wage rate should be increased. The government should give wage compensation to the employees so that they can have a better standard of living and satisfy their basic needs and wants. In Mauritius, the government has created institutions such as the PRB to bring an increase in the wage rate on an every five years basis and when the institution does not work properly and effectively, the government should shift to the minimum wage scheme. The results that have been obtained from the variables are positive except for the GDP rate. The econometric model that has been used is a log-log model to show the relationship between wage and other economic variables such as import, export, producer prices and others. The variables which are statistically significant are inflation, import, export, producer prices and the GDP is an exception which is statistically insignificant. In Mauritius, it is confirmed that wages are affected by the prevailing inflation rate and holds a wage-price spiral model. The government needs to get involved to control the inflation rate in order to establish a balance in the society as well as the country can make progress in the future and moves towards economic growth. The government intervention is needed as the R-squared is 51.2% which is low. The government should design some policies to combat the inflation rate. 5.1  Recommendations 5.1.1  Import inflation Mauritius is small country which depends on high level of import products. There will be imported inflation in the country. The government should find a way to import fewer products from abroad. The government should give some incentives and facilities to the people so that the products can be made locally instead of importing them. Thus, the inflation rate will be in control. The government can apply the import restrictions policies so as to prevent import and this can lead to higher wages. The can control import by using quota, tariff and other restrictions to reduce the inflation rate in a country. A quota is a barrier that is imposed on the goods that is brought in the country and sells in other markets. A quota will be helpful for the domestic industries and infant industries as they will be protected and they can increase the wage rate of their workers as well as the country will moves towards a good balance of payments. Export subsidy can also be utilised. In an export subsidy the payment is not delayed by doing an indirect payment and the government helps the foreigners by giving them subsidy, loans and other packages to be attracted to the country’s exports. 5.1.2  Fiscal policy and Monetary policy Fiscal policy can also be used to deal with the inflation rate. Fiscal policy will bring an alteration in the aggregate demand. The fiscal policy is concerned with the tax system. For example, if the government can bring an increase in the tax rates, this can bring a reduction in the demand of the economy. Monetary policy can also be used. The monetary policy deals with the rate of interest. The monetary policy will lead to a fall in the money supply and the interest rates will be increased. When the interest rates will go up, people will prefer to save their money. The purchasing power in the market will decline which in the end can bring a decrease in the inflation rate. By controlling the inflation rate in the country, the people can satisfy their basic needs and wants as there wage rate has been increased and will not be affected by a larger amount as the government is monitoring the inflation rate by the use of fiscal and monetary policy. 5.1.3 Income policy Furthermore, the income policy is another way to deal with the inflation rate. A proper income policy has to be determined to halt the wage price-spiral from increasing. If the inflation rate is based on cost push nature, the government will use the income policy. The government and the trade union should set a meeting to negotiate and cooperate together to bring an increase in the wage rate. A rise in the wage rate should be given when the level of productivity is rising. In the case of the EPZ sector, the wage rate was increasing more than the level of productivity which was not effective at all. When the productivity is rising and the wage rate is increasing at the same pace, this will have little effect on the inflation rate. A good work is being done by the labour party in Mauritius. As it has clearly stated in the budget of 2013 presented by the Honourable Xavier Luc Duval, the Minister of Finance and Economic Development where he said that with the help of PRB and Errors Omiss ion and Anomalies Commission, the wage rate will be increased at around 25 %. The government is spending Rs 6 billion to help consumers to have a good purchasing power. Another policy is concerned with the price policy. The price policy is where the government can controlled the price level and what price is going to be fixed in the market. 5.1.4 Maximum price The producer price can be control if the government uses the maximum price. The government put a maximum price where the producer cannot exceed the price level. This will bring price stability in an economy and the consumer will be protected from their purchasing power not be eroded. 5.2  Problems and Limitations The problem that has been arisen is that there was difficulty in finding data on the wage rate index in Mauritius. The data on the wage rate index was available in Mauritius since 1992. Thus, it has to be converted in terms of quarter to get a smooth graph and to do its regression. Due to the unavailability of data, the R squared is low which shows a poor fit. Therefore, the result should be decided in the light of the problem that has occurred. The limitation is that it is not always that inflation rate affects wage rate. There are other factors such as exchange rates, public utility rates, marks-ups and others which also affect the wage rate which has been showed in the journal of Marinakis (1980). It has also to be noted that even the political and social factors are used to decide the wage rate.

Importance of The Beast in Lord of The Flies by William Golding Essay

Importance of The Beast in Lord of The Flies by William Golding All the way throughout the book, of ‘Lord of the Flies’ there is one main, big theme; the beast. It was first introduced by a small boy who was described as ‘a shrimp of a boy, about six years old, and on one side of his face was blotted out by a mulberry-coloured birthmark.’ The boy with the mulberry-coloured birthmark said that it was ‘a snake-thing, ever so big.’ By describing the beast as a ‘snake-thing’ makes it sound like as if it is something quite abnormal, because he’s not so sure about it being a snake. This keeps the beast more of a mystery, and starts making the beast as the unknown. The beast being a snake is quite significant because it’s not a huge animal that you can keep a look out for, it’s small and you won’t even know when it’s near you, and can do you as much harm as a lion or tiger would. Ralph when he first hears about the beast laughs it off, and doesn’t think about it seriously. He also convinces the other big boys that it was the small boy’s imagination. ‘Laughing, Ralph looked for confirmation round the ring of faces. The older boys agreed;’ page 35. Every single time someone tries to show Ralph that the people were starting to get scared, and that as the days went on, more and more people became aware of the ‘beast’, he always throws the idea away to show that if he isn’t scared then why should anyone else be; and covers it up by saying that they need to get rescued. ‘ â€Å"The best thing we can do is get our selves rescued.† ’ page 54. So even if Ralph is scared of the beast, his speech leads the readers and the characters of the book to think that he is brave, and doesn’t want to think about the beast becaus... ...ther boys. ‘Simon was crying out something about a dead man†¦The beast struggled†¦There were no words and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws.’ page 168 – 169. This is quite important because the only person who knew about the beast had now just been killed by the beast within the other boys. One of the main themes throughout the book is shown as part of the boys. Although at the beginning the beast had no importance in the novel, near the end it was the only theme to concentrate on as everyone could only think about torture, hunt and kill. Before Simon had died, there was some kind civilisation around, and people weren’t that much afraid of the beast, as they knew they had someone saying that there was no beast. But after the beast inside themselves kill Simon, everything becomes wild and savage, and there is more of the fear of the unknown. Importance of The Beast in Lord of The Flies by William Golding Essay Importance of The Beast in Lord of The Flies by William Golding All the way throughout the book, of ‘Lord of the Flies’ there is one main, big theme; the beast. It was first introduced by a small boy who was described as ‘a shrimp of a boy, about six years old, and on one side of his face was blotted out by a mulberry-coloured birthmark.’ The boy with the mulberry-coloured birthmark said that it was ‘a snake-thing, ever so big.’ By describing the beast as a ‘snake-thing’ makes it sound like as if it is something quite abnormal, because he’s not so sure about it being a snake. This keeps the beast more of a mystery, and starts making the beast as the unknown. The beast being a snake is quite significant because it’s not a huge animal that you can keep a look out for, it’s small and you won’t even know when it’s near you, and can do you as much harm as a lion or tiger would. Ralph when he first hears about the beast laughs it off, and doesn’t think about it seriously. He also convinces the other big boys that it was the small boy’s imagination. ‘Laughing, Ralph looked for confirmation round the ring of faces. The older boys agreed;’ page 35. Every single time someone tries to show Ralph that the people were starting to get scared, and that as the days went on, more and more people became aware of the ‘beast’, he always throws the idea away to show that if he isn’t scared then why should anyone else be; and covers it up by saying that they need to get rescued. ‘ â€Å"The best thing we can do is get our selves rescued.† ’ page 54. So even if Ralph is scared of the beast, his speech leads the readers and the characters of the book to think that he is brave, and doesn’t want to think about the beast becaus... ...ther boys. ‘Simon was crying out something about a dead man†¦The beast struggled†¦There were no words and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws.’ page 168 – 169. This is quite important because the only person who knew about the beast had now just been killed by the beast within the other boys. One of the main themes throughout the book is shown as part of the boys. Although at the beginning the beast had no importance in the novel, near the end it was the only theme to concentrate on as everyone could only think about torture, hunt and kill. Before Simon had died, there was some kind civilisation around, and people weren’t that much afraid of the beast, as they knew they had someone saying that there was no beast. But after the beast inside themselves kill Simon, everything becomes wild and savage, and there is more of the fear of the unknown.

My Personality And Educational Background Education Essay

IntroductionThis essay will ab initio pull a secret plan on my personality and educational background, subsequently on it will concentrate on what motivated me to analyze the Masters Degree at Bangor Business School consisting assorted motive theories. Learning manners and attacks will bespeak the manner I will larn to carry through the top accomplishment in the grade. I will set about a group coursework following this assignment, therefore I will draw out all bing every bit good as possible issues that may originate in the group work and will bespeak effectual and possible solutions. Finally I will pull a decision.BackdropStudy is one my favorite avocations. The household surroundings I have been raising up could non offer a great sum of wealth but encouraged me going ambitious for being Highly Educated. In 2003, after completing ‘A ‘level from Bangladesh I got admitted in Sunderland University and obtained BSC in Computer Applications. In June 2006 I started my first ca lling in a medium sized package house as a alumnus IT coder. Boredom caught me overnight due to luck of societal ambiance in that profession except interaction with machines. And as an extrovert individual, I enjoy societal interactions non merely in personal life but besides at work-place ; desire to ‘work with pleasance ‘ and eager to pursuit imaginativenesss in gesture. ( Eysenck ( 1970, 1990 ) ) After carry throughing a thoughtful consideration, I determined my future calling in banking sector as I ever had a acute involvement in the economic system, the concern and finance universe in general. Besides I gathered experience while analyzing in Sunderland University, from a short term employment at Barclays Bank Plc where I found a societal touch of mixing with new people and discovered my superb interpersonal and communicating accomplishments ; which trigger my purpose of fall ining Nationwide, the largest edifice society in the universe ( History ( Nationwide Building Society, 2010 ) ) , in January 2007. Since so I have been carry oning assorted managerial functions with great successes ; and late I have started gaining a concern & A ; direction oriented Masters Degree making can pitch up my calling in banking sector even further.Motivation factors to analyze the Masters Degree at Bangor UniversityHarmonizing to Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) , human motive can be influen ced from assorted discrete but related positions. It is a cognitive decision-making procedure to take a end ; to accomplish that desired end our behaviors ever force, as we born with some unconditioned biological equipment. Such as, thrusts which are outstanding demands for being, which involve of holding O, H2O, nutrient, shelter, heat, and sex. Likewise some other demands can besides be categorised as thrusts after carry throughing innate demands which includes avidity for geting cognition, aspiration, love, and passion. These demands besides can drive a individual carry oning assorted hard undertakings. In my context, likewise other demands in thrusts class, avidity for geting cognition and being ambitious for highest making had driven me one time to go abroad in young person and same inherent aptitude encouraged me one time once more to get even higher making at Bangor. The aforesaid construct will be clearer by Maslow ‘s ( 1943 ) Content theory of Motivation which focuses on what ends persons seek and so provides agencies to accomplish those desired results. Content theory describes nine different types of motivations or demands, which drive persons to accomplish their ends. Those demands are categorised as biological, safety, association, esteem, cognizing and understanding, aesthetics, transcendency, freedom of question and look, and self-actualization. Notably, esteem and self-actualization demands encourage an person for being confident to develop his full potency. Taking Maslow ‘s Content theory into history, I strongly see myself, an person who is motivated by the influence of self-esteem and self-actualization, and who has utmost assurance and avidity to boom his full potency in existent. Therefore, my apprehension was taking an admittance in Bangor University in MBA in Banking and finance would carry through my expected end and would din my potency. There is a adage â€Å" taking right determination in right minute is another cardinal component to accomplish ends † . ‘Why people choose to accomplish certain ends? ‘ the reply will be ‘cognitive-decision doing procedure influences us to take the ends, since we are purposive in nature ‘ . Based on Vroom ‘s ( 1964 ) , Expectancy theory of motive which explains person ‘s behavior is driven by outlook. And outlook work in concurrence with high value of expected result. Correspondingly, a high outlook of accomplishing a top making every bit good as huge cognition in a specific country ( e.g. banking and finance ) , enormously influenced me to fall in in a Masters Programme at Bangor University, such a well-reputed establishment. Finally, societal influence is another major factor that motivates persons towards a end to accomplish. Based on Herzberg ‘s ( 1966, 1968 ) occupation enrichment theory of motive which focuses on how satisfaction influences an person to be motivated. In this theory two basic elements are widely discussed. One, intrinsic wagess are valued results which are controlled by single, such as feelings of satisfaction and victory. The intrinsic wages we can obtain by executing our expected activities. For case, some people like adventuresome and electrifying activities, such as mountain mounting, Bungee-jumping, sky-diving and so on ; those people volitionally perform such hazardous and dangerous activities for their ain pleasance. Most of the clip, the same doctrine is being followed by some other persons ; like, scientists, poets, writers, instrumentalists, and painters. I wholly comply with aforesaid theory in my personal context. For case, if I can finish the Masters Degree accompli shing expected consequence ( for illustration, differentiation ) , I will be mentally blessed of believing my all difficult plants have been paid off. This cherished feeling may trip my motive one time once more to prosecute myself for even farther faculty member every bit good as calling patterned advance, as it occurred before choosing Masters Programme at Bangor. Two, Extrinsic wagess are valued results within the control of others, such as acknowledgment, improvement and money. In my state of affairs, a concern related Masters Degree can speed up my calling patterned advance, and for non holding a concern background, my farther calling patterned advance in banking industry was in inquiry. Once I realised this affair I was intentionally believing of supplying a span across my experience and instruction. This realization steadfastly motivated me taking portion into MBA in Banking and Finance at Bangor University to run up in future calling ; which would offer me extrinsic wagess i n close hereafter such as, better calling chance, publicity, higher wage, celebrity, etc.Personal Learning manners and attacksHarmonizing to Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) , Learning is the procedure of achieving cognition thorough experience which leads to a defying alteration in behavior. In psychological science, acquisition is one of the most fundamental every bit good as argumentative subjects. Because it is really hard to explicate ‘how do we larn ‘ , we can non see what goes indoors our caput, but it merely reflects when our behavior alterations. Besides sometimes, experiences may be the agencies of behavior alterations. On the other manus, our apprehensions are in a changeless province of development. We can larn things from milieus without recognizing that we have merely leant. It in my context, the first twenty-four hours when I moved in Bangor, I was non cognizant of about the university location, locations of talk theaters, how to register for the class. B ut in the really short period of clip, I managed to larn everything from milieus and experiences. Peoples ‘s larning manner varies, but there is a common acquisition rhythm called, ‘Kolb ‘s Learning Cycle ‘ , ab initio proposed by Kurt Lewin ( 1946, reproduced in 1948 ) , a German-american psychologist who got that thought from control technology, which subsequently on popularised by David Kolb ( 1984 ) . This Learning Cycle comprises four correlative elements demoing how people learn new things. One: people gain experiences from assorted happenings, two: every bit shortly as happening occurred people start detecting ; which reflects in their head repeatedly, three: so people start bring forthing general constructs of that happening, four: eventually people use already-gained constructs or experiences for future experiment. Again people have different manners to follow with aforesaid larning rhythm. Based on Kolb ‘s ( 1984 ) work, Honey and Mumford ( 1986 ) developed a Learning Style Questionnaire. Using that research questionnaire they identified four different acquisition manners which vary single wise. One: Militant, who ever eager to larn something new, two: Reflector, who wants to take clip and believe about the subject before larning anything new, three: Theorist, who wants to calculate out the correlativity between old and new constructs before acquisition, four: Pragmatist, who wants to experiment the subject before larning anything new utilizing already-gained experiences. ( See Figure-1 ) Figure-1: The Lewinian Experiential Learning Model ( after Kolb, 1984, p21 ) with the linked Honey and Mumford Learning Styles in italics ( Honey and Mumford, 1986 ) ( Learning Styles ( The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, 2010 ) ) After researching on Kolb ‘s Learning Cycle in concurrence with Honey and Mumford ‘s Learning Styles, I consider myself a scholar who learns utilizing multi-styles. For case, I am an empirical scholar who largely learns from experience and ever eager to larn something new as an Activist ; however I take clip and believe about the subject before larning, like a Reflector ; so I start bring forthing basic constructs before tilting anything new, like a Theorist ; and eventually I would wish to experiment the new subject based on my already-gained constructs in real-life scenario before larning, like a Pragmatist. In inquiry of ‘learning attacks ‘ , based on Biggs ( 1999 ) and Butler ( 1993 ; 1994 ; 1995 ) research, there are three different sort of attacks to larning. One: Surface attack that involves implicitly larning the fact and memorizing it without minimizing the significance, which frequently leads desultory when reproduces the similar subject for appraisal. Two: Deep attack to larning that involves critical rating and good understanding the grass-root of the fact in concurrence with empirical constructs as person can decide if any different contexts arise. In a sense, Deep learners ever seek for the significance ; therefore it offers a life-long apprehension of the fact. Three: Strategic attack ( SCL ; Butler, 1993 ; 1994 ; 1995 ) to larning involves utilizing an organized manner to finish the undertaking on clip and accomplishing expected success. As Strategic scholars are ever achievement focussed, sometimes they may prosecute the attack merely to obtain the success with out hold oning the proper significances or facts of the subject. After finishing a comprehensive research I once more consider myself an person who learns by carry oning multi-approaches. When I tend to larn a new subject I critically evaluate the affair to understand the facts from the root degree and so prosecute to larn. At the same clip, I map out how to finish the undertaking on clip to give the success. Therefore, I have come into a decision of sing myself a scholar who learns by uniting Deep and Strategic acquisition attacks.Group formation and development phasesBased on Huczynski & A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) , Group comprises two or more people who have face-to-face interaction ; knows each other ; witting about their rank in the group ; every bit good as everyone is aware of their affirmatory sovereignty as they endeavour to achieve their success. Although there is no strict regulation of organizing the group but it should n't travel over more than 12 people, because the bigger the group, the more hard to pass on with group persons. Group chie fly two types: Formal group, which is task-oriented ; comprises an official construction with dedicated direction to achieve successes ; tends to be lasting ; and uses to execute company ‘s cumulative aims. Where as, Informal group is about opposite of formal group by definition ; it is usually form for societal assemblages. George Homans has offered a comprehensive account in his book The Human Group ( Homans, 1951 ) that the environment is one of the biggest factors of the formation of a group. Here, he indicated about behavior of the group persons about their activities every bit good as how good they communicate each other ; because it is really of import of holding an amicable environment in the group and common apprehension among group members to finish the undertaking with success. George Homans besides discussed in his book that a group will be more likely succeeded if some basic factors can be considered before organizing it. Such as, one: Background factors which focus on material-facility demands, cultural variegations, handiness of technological installations, undertaking ordinances and undertaking ‘s economical state of affairs. Two: Required and given behaviors which focus on some indispensable behavior that group members must hold for working in a group ; to finish the occupation on clip group persons must hold to carry on some regular undertakings pass oning with others following certain ordinances ; persons have to take part in the group with their ain involvement, demoing a ‘can bash ‘ attitude all the clip. Three: Emergent or existent behaviors which focus on some other behavioral actions that group persons carry out in add-on to aforesaid factors ; like, if group members have good interactions among themselves, they may dish the dirt each other to take ennui though it could be forbidden by the authorization ; or misinterpretation may originate in sentiments among group members which can make division in the group. In summery, in order to organize a well-performing group we should be sing above mentioned factors really carefully. Research by Bruce Tuckman and Mary Ann Jensen ‘s which suggests a formal group ‘s development occurs in five phases ( Tuckman, 1965 ; Tuckman and Jensen, 1977 ) . The phases are: Forming, an initiation phase when persons hardly know each other, therefore they are largely occupied detecting about one another ‘s attitudes and backgrounds. Besides they try to happen out more about the regulations and ordinances of the undertaking. Storming, the most hostile phase when people try to happen their suited group, seek to act upon others, happen clangs between pick and suitableness of undertaking docket ; which may prosecute struggle with the authorization. Norming, the structured phase when group persons know their allocated undertakings, to execute the undertakings decently they start developing a common trust and good family among them. Performing, at this phase group persons largely occupied in problem-solving and working hard to accomplish the end on clip based on the a lready-formed construction. Adjourning, it is the reasoning phase when the group may recess due to task completion.Issues in group work and effectual solutionsAfter a thorough research on ‘group ‘ definition, formation theory and phases of group development countries, we have formed a formal group of seven students to carry through a class work and have undertaken twosome of group meetings to day of the month. We have considered assorted factors before organizing the group ; such as, background factors which includes, set uping a regular meeting room in the university campus ; taking people from different geographical locations to convey diverseness ; guaranting some technological installations, like computing machine, projector and flipchart ; implementing a rigorous policy of attending in meeting and volitionally take parting in regular undertakings to complete it on clip ; eventually, organizing a common fund to raise money for disbursals, like, photocopy, printing or traveling for interviews. We have besides considered required and given behaviors every bit good as emergent or existent behaviors before organizing the group. In footings of phases of group development we have merely completed Forming and Storming phases. In organizing phase we introduced each other, found out attitudes, backgrounds, strengths and failings ; besides produce the docket of the undertakings every bit good as basic regulations and ordinances of the group. The feverish phase was ramping phase. Although we had an organized pronunciamento for the meeting, group members still came up with batch of inquiries about how to get down the undertaking, taking the sample ( administration ) for the undertaking, questions on already given regulations in Forming session, leading, undertaking allotment, time-management and so on. In malice of all those struggles, we managed to organize a formal construction at the terminal to intensify the group following degree, which is Norming pha se where we are anticipating to organize a common apprehension and chumminess to trip our activities towards the completion of the group work on clip. Our group activities will be reported more in inside informations in group study before the entry deadline. However, so far the issues we have come across in the group work are as follows: Issue: Communication, as the bulk of the group persons were from outside of the United Kingdom and English was n't their first linguistic communication. Solution: We have decided to utilize English at all the clip with a slow and clear tone as we can follow each other ‘s pronunciations ; we are sing this issue as another larning point from the group work. We are besides promoting one another inquiring inquiries if any ambiguity turns up in the treatment. Issue: Decision devising, a important affair that rose in the storming phase around the countries such as, leading, how to outset of the undertaking, undertaking allotment, regulations in the group and time-management. Solution: At the storming phase foremost, we have selected a project- leader utilizing democratic vote system with all group members ‘ blessing ; project leader will take the group through out the completion of the undertaking and all group persons for aid him out. Second, we have sketched a project-plan utilizing Gantt chart for time-management every bit good as undertaking continuance ; besides have implemented a clump of regulations in the group, for case, go toing in the group meeting on a regular footing, finishing group undertaking on clip, maintaining amicable relationships with each other, 0 tolerance of any racism or intimidation activities in the group and we have decided to follow â€Å" dainty others, the manner you want to be treated † . And eventually, we have conducted single undertakings distributions utilizing group members ‘ common involvement. Issue: In inquiry of ‘how to command the group activities ‘ and ‘using leading power ‘ we discussed among the group for a common solution. Solution: As ‘controlling ‘ is a critical portion of direction procedure and to actuate persons and to accomplish ends, we have given an excess attention to do this happen by implementing rigorous regulations as I mentioned earlier, besides leader will supervise the activities really closely all the clip. Again, in respects of ‘using leading power ‘ , we have agreed that leader will non set about any determination without bulk of the group members ‘ consent ; because bulk of the group members ‘ reserve the power to take a new leader, if necessary. In future group-activities, if there any other issues originate, those will be dealt on the virtue of the job.DecisionTo reason, this essay has clearly defined my motive of taking portion in Masters Degree programme at Bangor get downing with a brief background refering my household surroundings, personality and ideal work-environment ; which I have mentioned to demo how those elements could impact upon person ‘s motive. Then with coaction of assorted motive theories, ( such as, content theory, anticipation theory and occupation enrichment theory ) I have critically justified what motivated me for Masters Degree. After that I have drawn an attending on my acquisition manners and attacks utilizing an affectional acquisition rhythm. Subsequently on, I have focused on group formation and group development phases, as I will be taking portion in a group work merely after finishing this essay. In group formation and development phases, I have concentrated on assorted factors, ( such as, background factors, required and given behaviors and emergent or existent behavior ) which are really important elements to believe about earlier organizing a formal group. Those factors we have brought into consideration while organizing our group for following group work. Then I have focussed on group development phases ( organizing, ramping, norming, executing and recessing ) and have mentioned the current phase of our group. Finally, I have pointed out the issues and effectual solutions that I have already experienced while organizing our group for carry oning the group class work.

Sport Btec Fittness Cards

Muscle exercised Pectorals, triceps, biceps and deltoids. These muscles are located in your shoulders, arms and thorax. Method Lie down on the bench, make sure your comfortable as you do not want to be adjusting during reps. Grip barbell roughly 8 inches apart, again make sure your grip is secure and comfortable. Lower the bar slowly and smoothly directly over your chest and in the same rhythm up to the top again. Try to remain smooth in your transaction from the down to the up as if you are doing it in a jerking action you my cause injury.Your back should remain in contact with the bench at all times and your arms should not lock. Notes Your biceps and pectorals are agonist when your on the way down with bar and on the way up they are antagonist. your biceps are synergist with your triceps because when your biceps are agonist your triceps are antagonist and vice versa. Deltoids are agonist when the bar is on the way up and antagonist when the bar is on the way down. Muscle exercised Rectus abdominis Method Standard sit ups consist of lying flat on your back with your legs bent up at the knees in a triangle shape.You then bring your chest up too your knees, this should be done with your arms across you chest because if they are behind your head it is easy to pull your head up and strain your neck. Obviously you then reverse the action going back down trying to keep your back slightly of the ground each time as to feel the full effects of each sit up. Notes The rectus abdominis is agonist on the way up in the standard sit up and is antagonist on the way back down. This means that on the way up it shortens to allow the movement to take place and then on the way down the muscle will relax again.The best example of agonist and antagonist movements is in a twist sit up. This is because when your internal oblique is agonist your external oblique is antagonist and vice versa. Muscles exercised Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, semi membranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris Method In a squat you start by putting the maximum or close to the maximum weight you can lift on a barbell. You should then place the barbell across your shoulders you will then lower yourself to a close to sitting position. During this the torso must be kept straight as not to put any strain on your back.You then slowly rise back up to the starting position and repeat. Notes The quadriceps are agonist when on your dip and on the extension back up they are antagonist. Simultaneously to this your semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris otherwise known as your hamstrings are doing the opposite. The muscles of your abdomen are synergists that work together to allow the agonist to operate more effectively. Muscles exercised Gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior Method Nautilus workout machines target all the muscle groups in the leg. The machine best suited for these muscles is the nautilus calf machine. et up the machine by putting the pin in the stack at the weight most appropriate for you. Then step up on to the calf raise platform and put your shoulders under the pads making sure the middle of each foot rests on the platform. You then proceed to push up so you are on your tip toes, slowly lower your feet back down to finish repartition. Notes When going up on to your tip toes your soleus and tibialis anterior are the muscles that are agonist and your gastrocnemius is antagonist. When lowering back down to flat footed the roles of the agonists and antagonists are reversed.